Important difference between of IIT 1st Semester CSIT

Difference between Analog and Digital Computer.

S.N	Digital Computer	Analog Computer
1.	These computer works on the basis of two binary digits 0 and 1.	These computers works on the basis of physical values such as temperature pressure etc.
2.	These computers are based with discrete data.	These computers are based with continuous data.
3.	It has very high accuracy.	It has very low accuracy.
4.	It has very high storage capacity.	It has limited or no storage Capacity,
5.	Digital Computers are expensive then analog computer.	.Analog Computer are cheaper than digital computer.
6.	These computers can perform Multipurpose job.	These computers can perform single task.
7.	For example IBM PC, Apple/ Macintosh.	For example: Seismograph, Barometer, Speedometer etc.

Difference Between CISC and RISC Processor.

S.N	CISC	RISC
1.	CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer.	RISC stands for Reduced Instruction set Computer.
2.	CISC processor has complex instructions that takes multiple clock cycle for their execution.	RISC processor have reduced instructions that can be executed within a single clock cycle.
3.	Performance is optimized with more focus on hardware.	Performance is optimized with more focus on software.
4.	It has memory unit to implement complex instructions.	It doesn’t have memory unit and uses separate hardware to implement instructions.
5.	Execution time is very fast.	Execution time is slow.
6.	The example of CISC Processors are: System/360, Motorala 68,000 family, intel *86 Cpu’s etc.	The example of RISC processors are Alpha, ARC, ARM.

Difference between RAM and ROM.

S.N.	RAM	ROM
1.	RAM stands for Random Access Memory.	ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
2.	It is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time , in any order and from any physical location.	It is a form of data storage that cannot be easily altered or reprogrammed.
3.	It stores the programs and instructions during execution, allowing quick access and manipulation.	It stores the program that allows computer to be booted up or regenerated each time you turn on your computer.
4.	Ram is volatile memory, So its contents are lost when the device is powered off.	Rom is the non Volatile memory. Its contents are retained even after Power Off.
5.	It allows reading and writing.	It allows reading only.
6.	The instruction are written into ram at the time of execution.	The instructions are written into ROM at the time of manufacturing.

Differences between PROM and EPROM.

S.N	PROM	EPROM
1.	It stands for programmable Read only Memory.	It stands for erasable programmable read only Memory.
2.	The instructions written in PROM are permanent and cannot be erased.	The instructions written in EPROM can be erased by using UV rays.
3.	The user can write instruction on PROM only once.	The user can write instruction on EPROM multiple times.
4.	If there is an error while writing instruction on PROM, it become unusable.	If there is an error while writing instruction on EPROM, it can still be used again.
5.	It provides less usability and instruction can be written only once.	It provides more usabilty and instruction can be written multiple time.

Differences between EPROM and EEPROM.

S.N.	EPROM	EEPROM
1.	It stands for erasable programmable Read only Memory.	It stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory.
2.	The instructions written in EPROM can be erased by using UV rays.	The instructions written in EEPROM can be erased using electrical charge.
3.	The content is erased bit by bit.	The content is erased byte by byte.
4.	Selective Programming Cannot be done.	Selective Programming can be done.
5.	EPROM chips needs to be taken out from computer to erase it.	EEPROM chips can be erased without taking them out of the computer.

Differences between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.

S.N	Primary Memory	Secondary Memory
1.	It is the memory that is directly accessed by the CPU to store and retrieve information.	It is the memory that is not directly accessible by CPU.
2.	Primary memory is accessed using address and data bus by the CPU.	Secondary memory is accessed using input/output channels.
3.	Primay memory devices are more costly.	Secondary Memory devices are less costly.
4.	It has small storage capacity and it is the main memory of computer.	It has high storage capacity and it is the backup storage of the computer.
5.	For example: RAM,ROM.	For example: Magnetic tape, Magnetic disk, optical disk etc.

Differences Between Impact Printer and Non Impact printers.

S.N	Impact Printers	Non-Impact Printers
1.	It is based on electro-mechanical mechanism.	It is based on thermal, chemical, electrostatics and laser beam technology.
2.	It cannot print graphics perfectly.	It can print graphics perfectly.
3.	It produces noise while printing.	It does not produces noise while printing.
4.	It prints the document character by character, line by line.	It prints the document page by page.
5.	Initial and maintenance cost is low.	Initial and maintenance cost is high.
6.	For example: Dot matrix printer, Daisy wheel, Chain printer.	For example: Thermal, laser and inkjet printer.

Differences between CRT and LCD Monitors.

S.N.	CRT	LCD
1.	It is the monitor based on cathode ray tube technology.	It is the monitor based on liquid crystal display technology.
2.	Vacuum tube and electron gun are used as functional component.	Liquid crystal is used as functional component.
3.	CRT monitors are big and bulky.	LCD monitors are thin and light.
4.	It emits radiation.	It does not emits radiation.
5.	Higher power consumption and more heat production.	Lower power consumption and less heat production.

Differences between System Software and Application Software

S.N.	System Software	Application Software
1.	System Software is a group of programs that direct the internal operations of computer system such as controlling I/O devices, managing the storage area within Computer.	The software that is written by the user to solve a specific user oriented problem using computer is called application software.
2.	Generally user do not interact with application software.	Generally user interact with application software.
3.	System software Perform Several tasks.	Application software Perform Specific tasks.
4.	There are three types of System Software. They are Operating System, language processor, utility software.	There are two types of application software. They are packaged and tailored software.
5.	For example: UNIX, LINUX.	For example: adobe, Microsoft etc.

Differences between Centralized and Distributed Database.

S.N.	Distributed database	Centralized database
1.	Local control over data.	Centralized control over data.
2.	Poor Communication Security.	Better Communication Security.
3.	Communication cost is high.	Communication cost is low.
4.	Better data security.	Poor data security.
5.	Poor data and failure recovery.	Better data and failure recovery.
6.	Slower response for certain queries.	Faster response for queries.